Latest Edition of the John Marshall Review of Intellectual Property

John Marshall's Summer 2008 edition of its Review of Intellectual Property Law is on bookshelves everywhere, plus it is online (click here for the table of contents of the current edition with links to pdfs of each article).  Some of the highlights in:

  • The text of Chief Judge Michel's address to the Federal Circuit Judicial Conference in which he discussed the state of the Circuit and asked Congress to add a fourth law clerk for each appellate judge to speed the Federal Circuit's output;
     
  • An article by R. Mark Halligan arguing for the addition of a trade secret misappropriation cause of action to be added to the Economic Espionage Act of 1996; and
     
  • Hal Wegner's discussion of the impact of the Supreme Court's patent exhaustion decision in Quanta v. LG; and
     
  • Daniel Sullivan's student arguing that an Article I patent tribunal should be created and that patents should know longer be subject to trial by jury.

Whether you agree or disagree with the authors, this edition has some provocative arguments.

 

The Power & Danger of Researching Social Networking Sites for Voir Dire

I have written about the legal issues surrounding social networking sites (click here and here to read those posts).  I even did an ALI-ABA teleseminar with Eric Goldman yesterday discussing, among other things, how the Communications Decency Act protects social networking sites against suit based on third party content published on the sites.  But Julie Kay's National Law Journal article yesterday -- click here to read it -- provided a new angle on the power of social networking sites in the courtroom. 

It is no surprise that lawyers, either alone or assisted by jury consultants, research juror backgrounds, and use their research during voir dire and to inform their trial presentations, in particular opening and closing arguments.  Of course, internet research has been a cornerstone of those efforts for years.  But social networking sites have vastly increased the amount of information available about the average person.  Instead of learning someone's Turkey Trot 5k time and one or two newspaper quotes, you now may be able to see their entire resume on LinkedIn, read about major life events on FaceBook, or even read their personal, daily thoughts on a blog.  Kay reports that the information is a valuable fact checking tool, acting as a backstop to information provided in a jury questionnaire.

Additionally, blogs can tell you a lot about a juror, that the juror might not be inclined to disclose in open court or on a questionnaire. To illustrate this point, Kay quotes Anne Reed of Reinhart Boerner Van Deuren -- who writes Deliberations, one of my favorite legal blogs. Reed tells the story of "Erin" a relatively prominent Florida blogger who blogged that she was a juror several days after posting that: "I totally understand how innocent people that go to prison turn into hardened criminals . . . ." Reed explains that the lawyers might not have struck Erin for her blogging, but that it was critical information to have in the decisionmaking process:

"You'd hate to leave Erin on your jury without having seen her writing," said Reed. "A juror's blog tells you things about the jurors that she probably won't tell you herself."

Kay also quotes Holland & Knight litigator Dan Small who raises an important and often overlooked note of caution. Small is concerned that invading jurors' privacy via internet research could make jurors very uncomfortable and is a substantial invasion for people performing their civic duty:

"You are taking people who are doing their civic duty and didn't sign up to have their whole life probed," Small said. "It scares people. They wonder: 'Are they going to hack into our e-mails next?' The Internet in so many areas creates an extraordinary conflict between the desire for information and the desire for privacy."

Of course, there is a real question as to whether anything posted on the internet, without password protection or some other privacy protections, can be considered private in anyway. But there is little doubt that knowing their backgrounds were researched and their FaceBook pages were read could make jurors uncomfortable and learning that their backgrounds have been probed could turn jurors against the lawyers or their clients. So, at a minimum, the information needs to be used carefully and discreetly.

Trading Technologies v. eSpeed: Verdict Update

As I posted yesterday afternoon, the jury came back for Trading Technologies ("TT").  The jury found that eSpeed willfully infringed TT's patents for a six month period in 2004, found the patents valid and awarded $3.5M in damages.  The parties have not completed their bench trial on inequitable conduct.  So, the Court may still hold the patents invalid based upon inequitable conduct, which would render the $3.5M damages award moot.  But unless and until that happens, the award stands and has the potential to be as much as trebled based upon the willfulness finding. 

There has been some press coverage already.  Here is some of the best:

You can read much more about this case and its related cases in the Blog's archives by clicking here.

Trading Technologies v. eSpeed: Jury Deliberations Update

The jury continued its deliberations yesterday and reconvened this morning.  That is not a very informative update, but based on the Blog's traffic this week people are looking for updates on the case.  And that is all there is right now.

A relative who is a criminal defense attorney, often said that longer jury deliberations benefited the defense.  Of course, when he had a close case and a fast jury, he sometimes thought that benefited the defense also.  It is difficult to read the tea leaves with a jury.  But I will let you know as soon as I learn the jury's verdict.  For more on the case and Trading Technologies' related cases click here for the Blog's archives.

Trading Technologies v. eSpeed: Trial Update

The parties have rested on the issues of infringement, validity and damages.  Closings were Thursday and the jury now has the case.  I attended the closings.  Look for my thoughts on them Monday morning -- unlike the Northern District, other government offices, the Post Office and many schools, the Blog will be working on Columbus Day.  Judge Moran will hear the inequitable conduct case beginning next week. 

I will let you know as soon as I learn the jury's verdict.  For more on this case and Trading Technologies' related cases in the Blog's archives click here.

Trading Technologies v. eSpeed Trial: Thoughts on the Jury

Trading Technologies Int’l, Inc. v. eSpeed, Inc., (N.D. Ill.) (Moran, Sen. J.).

Last week, I attended several hours of the Trading Technologies (“TT”) v. eSpeed trial. I watched the direct exam of TT’s infringement expert. Unfortunately, because of an ill-timed lunch break and other responsibilities, I missed eSpeed’s cross-exam. The jury is made up of eight members and two alternates, equally split between men and women. To their credit and that of the Northern District’s jury pool generally, the jurors appeared very engaged, dressed appropriately for court and were taking detailed notes.

None of the issues that I have written about came up (click here for the Blog’s archive on the case), but I came away with several thoughts about making your case to a jury:

  • TT’s PowerPoint slides were often, although not always, very dense. This led to a jury that was over-focused on the slides and not listening to the testimony. Of course, TT’s infringement case was on the slides so they may be comfortable with that. But I want the jury focused on my expert and her credibility, not her slides.
  • Despite their occasional wordiness, TT’s expert interacted very well with his slides. When the expert stepped away from the witness stand and pointed out information on the slides, he recaptured the jury’s attention very well.
  • When the expert relied upon deposition or trial testimony, TT put the testimony on a slide next to the person’s picture. This was an excellent way of humanizing the cold transcript. I suspect it also helped the jurors remember the testimony by attaching the words to a face.

I understand that trial will continue at least this week and maybe in to next week. I will try to observe the trial again, but I am traveling most of this week so it will not be until late this week or early next. And if I do make it back, I will do my best to watch both the direct and the cross of a witness or maybe both sides’ closings. That way I will be able to provide more perspective on the substance of the trial.

Jury Must Decide Disputed Critical Date

Trading Technologies Int’l, Inc. v. eSpeed, Inc., No. 04 C 5312, Slip Op. (N.D. Ill. Aug. 16, 2007) (Moran, Sen. J.).*

Judge Moran granted in part plaintiff Trading Technologies’ (“TT”) motion for summary judgment regarding prior use and denied defendant eSpeed’s cross motion for summary judgment. TT argued for a March 2, 1999 critical date (one year before the March 2, 2000 filing of TT’s related provisional application). eSpeed argued that the provisional application did not fully describe the patented invention and that, therefore, the critical date was June 9, 1999 (one year before filing of TT’s parent application). The Court held that whether the provision application met the written description requirements was a question of fact for the jury. The Court, therefore, determined this summary judgment motion in the alternative, either if the jury found a March 2 or a June 9 critical date. eSpeed argued that various uses of TT’s software before March 2 constituted public use because trades were either completely or partially performed to test the software. But the Court held that this use of the software was only experimental and done solely for the purpose of making sure the software functioned properly. The trades that were initiated during the testing were canceled prior to completion, except in several discreet incidents where the users testified that they had intended to cancel the trades but forgot. eSpeed also argued that the software was reduced to practice before March 2. But the Court held that the software was not reduced to practice until March 2 based upon the developers’ testimony that they did not believe the software was fully functioning and were still testing it prior to March 2. The Court, therefore, granted TT summary judgment for pre-March 2 use of the software. 

The Court held that the March 2 to June 9 alleged use was a question of fact for the jury. eSpeed’s email, video and trading record evidence for the March 2 to June 9 period might constitute public use, but a question of fact remained.

Trial started in this case the week of September 10. Expect to see several more opinions in this case and its related cases (there are two weighty summary judgment opinions still in my queue, as well as several other smaller opinions and orders). Additionally, I have some other obligations, but am planning to blog some of the trial. Stay tuned.

*You can read much more about this case and related cases in the Blog's archives.

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A Glimpse Into Public Perceptions of Litigation

As I pointed out early this week, the Conrad Black trial has little or no intersection with IP, but I could not resist posting about Neil Steinberg's column in yesterday's Chicago Sun-Times.  Steinberg spent a day observing the Black trial and provided his impressions of the jury system and Judge St. Eve.  Two of his observations were particularly interesting.  First, he found the trial very boring.  As IP lawyers and particularly patent lawyers, this is something we have to struggle with.  Making technology analysis and damages interesting is a difficult job and keeping jurors who only see a portion of the litigation proceedings awake and attentive can be difficult.

Second, Steinberg notes that "pay all that money to lawyers for a reason."  I would like to believe he meant because of the immense skill involved, but I am afraid it is because of how boring and complex he found the trial.

Finally, my wife, who clerked for Judge St. Eve, assures me that I will not suffer Steinberg's potato peeler fate when I say that while Judge St. Eve is very attractive, her most important judicial attributes are her intellect and her kind, but strong command of her courtroom.  Here is a brief quote from Steinberg's column:

"Oh dear." Spoken by a pal in Judge Amy St. Eve's courtroom. There is not enough tedium in our daily lives, apparently, so we are visiting a trial revolving around complex issues of accountancy.

I wish the limits of journalistic candor allowed me to explain the meaning of that "oh dear," uttered as the jury returns to the courtroom after lunch.

The contrast could not be more stark, between Lord Conrad Black, the grandiose publishing patrician, in his deep blue, subtly pinstriped bespoke suit, and the floral burst of middle American casualness sitting heavily in judgment. It was as if a line waiting for corn dogs and cotton candy at Great America had somehow blundered into a state funeral.

Sitting in court, I scour the language, searching for terms that adequately describe the colors the jury are wearing. Canary yellow. Soft bubble gum pink. Bright blue. Muddy teal. Electric poached salmon. Two women wear an identical shade of aircraft-landing paddle green.

And those are the easy ones. One lady has on what I finally decide is tiger print. A man sports what appears to be big polka dots on olive green.

A trial is also going on. The testimony centers around "Generally Accepted Accounting Standards" and overhead projections with titles such as "Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 57."

And hell is typically envisioned with flames. ...

After an hour I am ready to chew off my leg to escape. I would here launch into a tribute to the pixie good looks of Judge St. Eve -- I'm sure that the occasional glance in her direction is all that keeps some forced to be here from slipping into madness -- were it not for the certainty that my wife would calmly set down the paper, reach over to the kitchen drawer, remove a potato peeler and then skin me alive with it.

Three thoughts, which came as I fled the courtroom, a drowning man breaking the surface and filling his lungs with sweet, sweet air.

1) The cynical assumption is that these working-class Americans will throw Black into prison for the crime of being rich. Perhaps true, perhaps a snooty, unfair insult to the average American, considering that we managed, in our waddling, oafish way, to invent computers, land on the moon and kick the Germans out of France.

2) They pay all that money to lawyers for a reason.

3) Whatever you are doing today, even if you are kneeling in muck, gathering crushed aluminum cans and tossing them into a shopping cart to sell later, count your blessings. You could be in court.

Northern District of Illinois Jury Instructions

Crafting proposed jury instructions is one of the first steps when preparing for trial.  And one of the first steps in drafting those instructions is looking for pattern or sample instructions that the court has previously used or endorsed.  In order to help speed that process, I am adding a new Blog feature.  I have gathered the jury instructions that each of the Northern District judges identify on their respective  web pages as either form or model instructions.  Most have general civil instructions and a few have specific sample instructions for various types of IP suits.

This list should save you time when you are looking for model instructions, but I would like to make it even more useful. If you have a set of instructions used in a Northern District IP case send them to me and I will add those instructions to the list (either anonymously or with credit to the sender, at the sender's discretion). 

So, send me your jury instructions -- chicagoiplitigation@yahoo.com -- and the name of the judge that presided over the trial.  As I receive new instructions, I will add them to this post.  If I get a large response, I will do additional posts on the instructions or create a separate page where you can access the files.